Your book features 34 tips, many of them humorous. For example, you tell readers they had better stop promoting themselves on their own website right away. Why did you opt for that light-hearted tone?

“In all the research I have done on academics, I was confronted with a lot of suffering: everything from publication pressure and academic misconduct to depression and panic attacks. Academics are often relatively serious souls who tend to put a lot of pressure on themselves. I want to encourage young researchers to take a more light-hearted look at their own situation.”

Why is the book mainly aimed at PhD researchers?

“They are the ones who face the most problems. No fewer than 30 percent bail out before they finish their research project. That is such a terrible waste. Doing a PhD can be so much fun and a fascinating challenge, even if you don’t go on to pursue an academic career afterwards. As a PhD researcher, you get to spend years working on a topic you find incredibly interesting. That really is a privilege and so it’s a great pity that this particular group encounters so many problems. It’s important to remember that PhD candidates are the future of academic research. They still have a lot to learn, of course, but they also have the freshest ideas and the most creative insights. So it’s extra sad to see them becoming discouraged.”

The book is highly critical of academic culture. You could have chosen to write a full-on critique, yet you opted for a self-help book instead.

“The same painful realities have been published and talked about for decades: universities are too hierarchical, the pressure to publish is too intense, there is too little supervision, and the lack of research funding means that competition is fierce. In recent years, universities have gradually been moving in a different direction with their ‘recognise and reward’ initiatives. But that shift is far from complete. So those major, structural realities still affect PhD researchers on a daily basis. That’s why I wanted to help them deal with those issues.”

What action can PhD students take themselves?

“University hierarchies mean that academics who are ill-suited to influential positions can occupy them for a long time. If your department head is a narcissist, it’s useful to know how best to deal with someone like that, without suffering any adverse consequences. It is also worth thinking about how to be productive without having to work day and night, and how to support each other as academics instead of seeing each other purely as rivals.”

In your book, you advise your readers to stop working with people who make them feel miserable. But PhD candidates are very dependent on senior researchers. What can they do if that working relationship becomes a struggle?

“If you have the chance to pick your own supervisor, the most important thing is to find someone with whom you feel a connection. If you don’t have that option – for example, because your project is already linked to certain researchers – during those three or four years make a point of exchanging ideas and collaborating with people you do get along with. Even in very trying situations, you often have more options than you think.”